Molecular Autism is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes high-quality basic, translational and clinical research that has relevance to the etiology, pathobiology, or treatment of autism and related neurodevelopmental conditions. Research that includes integration across levels is encouraged Research conducted separately in the areas of PTSD and ASD strongly suggests several potential pathways connecting both disorders. We conclude that there is a pressing need for more PTSD-ASD research, focusing not only on the prevalence of traumatic stress in May 06, · The Autism Research Institute (ARI) has collected data from many thousands of parents about their experiences with psychiatric medications and other treatments. In general, parents report that the medications are about equally likely to cause
Leo Kanner's paper on autism | Spectrum | Autism Research News
This article is geared toward parents of newly diagnosed autistic children and parents of young autistic children who are not acquainted with many of the basic issues of autism. Our discussion is based on a large body of scientific research. Because of limited time and space, detailed explanations and references are not included. Some parents can be overwhelmed by fear and grief for the loss of the future they had hoped for for their child, and joining parent support groups and talking to other parents may help.
However, these strong emotions also motivate parents to find effective help for their children seek evidence-based treatments in the critical early intervention phase.
The diagnosis is important because it can open the doors to many services, autism research paper, and help parents learn about treatments that have benefited similar children. The most important point we want to make is that autistic individuals have the potential to grow and improve, autism research paper. Contrary to what you may hear from out-of-touch professionals or read in old books, autism is treatable. It is important to find effective services, treatments, and education for autistic children as soon as possible.
Their progress through life may be slower than others, but they can still live happy and productive lives with appropriate support. Authors: James B, autism research paper. Adams, Ph. Edelson, Ph. Autism is a developmental disability that autism research paper involves delays and impairment in social skills, autism research paper, language, and behavior. Autism is a spectrum disorder, autism research paper, meaning that it affects people differently, autism research paper.
Some children may have speech, whereas autism research paper may have little or no speech. Autism is a very broad spectrum. In profound cases, young children may not interact with others, or treat people as objects.
Without appropriate support, children will not develop effective social skills and may speak or behave in ways that create challenges. Very few individuals recover completely from autism without any intervention. The good news is that there are a wide variety of medically appropriate treatment options which may be very helpful. Some treatments may lead to measurab le improvement, whereas other treatments may have little or no effect, autism research paper.
Because the biological aspects are autism remain elusive, it is impossible to identify an educational strategy or therapy that helps everyone. A growing body of research probing the possible causes of and potential treatments for autism has shed light on co-occuring medical conditions which, when addressed, have improved patient health and therapeutic outcomes. It is important to understand that autism is a label for people who have a certain set of symptoms impairments in social skills, language, and behavior.
The label of autism does not explain the cause of autism, and it is likely that multiple factors can contribute to the symptoms of autism. Asperger syndrome was phased out with the introduction of DSM-V in in favor of an umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.
The diagnosis of Asperger syndrome was characterized as a subtype of high-functioning autism. Possible symptoms of autism may be observed by a parent, autism research paper, pediatrician, or teacher, and screening tests such as the M-CHAT can help determine if a child is at risk of having autism. However, a formal diagnosis of autism requires an evaluation by an experienced psychiatrist, autism research paper, psychologist, neurologist, or developmental pediatrician a pediatrician who specializes in developmental disorders.
Some individuals are easy to diagnose, but in milder cases or cases with other co-occurring symptoms it can be difficult to obtain a diagnosis. Some children are initially misdiagnosed with other disorders, such as speech delay or ADHD.
A clinician should base their diagnosis on both a personal interaction with the child and a discussion with the parents of their behavior in other settings. Two common misconceptions are that if a child can talk or is affectionate then they cannot have autism. That is not true. Some people diagnosed with autism have normal language, and autism research paper are affectionate to friends and family.
However, the common core of all types of autism spectrum disorders are delays or impairments in social understanding and social relationships. Autism develops sometime during pregnancy and the first three years of life. Some parents report that their child seemed different at birth. These children are referred to as having early-onset autism.
Other parents report that their child seemed to develop normally and then had a major regression resulting in autism, usually around months. These children are referred to as having late-onset or regressive autism. However, autism research paper, many parents report that their children were completely normal e. A study published inautism research paper, conducted by the autism research paper author, compared 53 autistic children with 48 typical peers.
The parents of the early-onset autism group reported a significant delay in reaching developmental milestones, including age of crawling 2 month delaysitting up 2 month delaywalking month delayand talking 11 month delay or more. Thus, there appeared to be a delay in gross motor skills as well as of talking, autism research paper, so many children with autism also need physical therapy. In contrast, the late-onset autism group reached developmental milestones at the same time as typical children.
Several brain autopsy studies have been interpreted as suggesting that brain damage occurred sometime during the first trimester of pregnancy, but many of these studies involved individuals who were born prior to Thus, autism research paper, these findings may not apply to what appears to be the new population of people with regressive autism.
Autism appears to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but it is generally unclear which genetic and which environmental factors are important.
However, siblings can also be normal or even exceptional, autism research paper. Another interpretation is that certain genetic variations result in greater vulnerability to certain environmental factors, but it is generally unclear which autism research paper factors and which environmental factors.
The siblings of a child with autism are also at increased risk of speech impairments and cognitive disabilities, which sometimes go undetected.
There is no consensus on which environmental factors increase the risk of autism. A few of the suspected environmental causes for which there is some scientific evidence include: food allergies, pesticides, heavy metal toxicity, excessive use of oral autism research paper, deficiencies in essential nutrients, prenatal ultrasound, and many more.
Many children with autism have abnormalities in their immune system, and these abnormalities likely contribute to their symptoms. Those problems are treatable with folinic acid a special form of folic acid and vitamin B12, and may reduce the risk of having a child with autism. These problems are also autism research paper common in children with autism, and treatment with autism research paper acid and vitamin B12 has been shown to improve them.
There has been a rapid increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism. Today, according to the Center for Disease Control CDCthe estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in the U. is 1 in 54 children. We do not know why there has been a dramatic increase in autism over the past 25 years, but there are several reasonable hypotheses.
Since there is more than one cause of autism, there may be more than one reason for the increase. Routine medical tests are usually performed by traditional pediatricians, but these exams rarely reveal underlying medical problems that are often associated with autism, such as gastrointestinal problems, autism research paper, nutritional and metabolic deficiencies, toxic metal burden, and immune dysfunction.
Unfortunately, autism research paper, many physicians believe, though incorrectly, that the only useful medical treatments are psychiatric medications to reduce seizures and behavioral problems. Genetic testing for Fragile X syndrome can autism research paper identify one possible cause, and this testing is typically recommended when there is IDD in the family history.
The Autism Research Institute supports an integrative medical approach to treating individuals on the autism spectrum. This approaches often includes:. The various topics covered in this overview paper for parents of young autistic children represent, for the most part, a consensus of the views, based on research and personal experience, of all four authors. However, the authors differ in their opinions on the role psychoactive drugs should play. We will present you with the conflicting opinions, so you can decide for yourself.
Grandin has a relatively accepting position on the use of psychiatric medications in autistic children. She feels that it is worthwhile to consider drugs as a viable and useful treatment. Rimland and Edelson, on the other hand, are strongly opposed to the use of drugs except as a possible last resort, etc. Adams has an intermediate view.
These medications generally function by altering the level of neurotransmitters chemical messengers in the brain. For some classes of drugs the doses which are successful for reducing symptoms, such as aggression or anxiety, are much lower for those with autism than for normal people.
For the SSRI drugs, such as Prozac FluoxetineAutism research paper Sertralineand other antidepressants, the best dose may be only one-third of the normal starting dose. Too high a dose may cause agitation or insomnia, autism research paper. If agitation occurs, the dose must be lowered. The low-dose principle also applies to all drugs in the atypical or third generation antipsychotic drug class, such as Risperdal Risperidone.
The autism research paper dose will vary greatly between individuals. Start low and use the lowest effective dose. Other classes of drug, such as anticonvulsants, will usually require the same doses that are effective in normal individuals. Antidepressant drugs such as Prozac or Lexapro often work best for anxiety and panic attacks. Antidepressants stopped my constant panic attacks and my colitis cleared up and stopped.
I have been taking a low dose of desipramine, an old tricyclic, for over 30 years. The medication stopped debilitating panic attacks. The atypical antipsychotics have much more serious autism research paper effects than antidepressants. Medications such as Risperdal and Abilitfy should be reserved for severe aggression problems in older children and adults.
They should not be given to young children as sleep aids or to reduce hyperactivity. The side effects of the atypical antipsychotic class of drugs are high weight gain, diabetes, and tardive dyskinesia movement disorder. Psychiatric medications are widely used to treat the symptoms of autism, and they can be beneficial to many older children and adults. However, there are concerns over their use. There is relatively little research on their use for children with autism.
There are almost no studies on the long-term effects of their use, especially for the newer medications, and there is a concern that their long-term use in children may affect their development. They treat the symptoms, but not the underlying medical autism research paper of autism.
One must balance risk versus benefit. A drug should have an obvious positive effect to make it work the risk.
Professor Uta Frith on Autism Research
, time: 38:03Lancet MMR autism fraud - Wikipedia
The Lancet MMR autism fraud centred on the publication in February of a fraudulent research paper titled "Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children" in The Lancet. The paper, authored by now discredited and deregistered Andrew Wakefield, and listing twelve coauthors, falsely claimed non-existent, causative, links between the Jul 01, · A January 5, report in the BMJ investigated the paper that first alleged a link between the MMR vaccine and blogger.com author, Brian Deer, presents evidence that the paper resulted from research fraud. The History of Vaccines blog looks at the history of the paper and how it has profoundly affected research, public health, and the public perception of vaccines over the last 12 Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are thought to be at disproportionate risk of developing mental health comorbidities, with anxiety and depression being considered most prominent amongst these. Yet, no systematic review has been carried out to date to examine rates of both anxiety and depr
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